Their applications found great interests in clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, chemical and biological warfare surveillance, and food industry. LOCs involve microfluidic, optofluidic, and electrofluidic devices,. In the literature, they are a subset of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and are sometimes equivalent to micro total analysis systems (μTAS). Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is defined as miniaturized devices capable of integrating laboratory functions for advanced high throughput reactions and analyses with high sensitivity using low quantities of reagents and reduced costs. A hybrid technique that promises to enhance functionality of lab-on-a-chip devices is also introduced. This review paper describes the principles and applications of femtosecond laser 3D micro- and nanofabrication for lab-on-a-chip applications. These different schemes can be integrated to realize more functional microdevices including lab-on-a-chip devices, which are miniaturized laboratories that can perform reaction, detection, analysis, separation, and synthesis of biochemical materials with high efficiency, high speed, high sensitivity, low reagent consumption, and low waste production. Additive processing represented by two-photon polymerization enables the fabrication of 3D polymer micro- and nanostructures for photonic and microfluidic devices. Subtractive processing can realize the direct fabrication of 3D microfluidics, micromechanics, microelectronics, and photonic microcomponents in glass. The undeformative processing preforms internal refractive index modification to construct optical microcomponents including optical waveguides. This 3D capability offers three different schemes, which involve undeformative, subtractive, and additive processing. More importantly, focusing the femtosecond laser beam inside the transparent materials confines the nonlinear interaction only within the focal volume, enabling three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanofabrication. The extremely high peak intensity associated with ultrashort pulse width of femtosecond laser allows us to induce nonlinear interaction such as multiphoton absorption and tunneling ionization with materials that are transparent to the laser wavelength.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |